Oulhyane Dev

Economy of Argentina: The economy of Argentina is an upper middle-income economy, and Latin America's third-largest. The country benefits from rich natural resources , a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector and a diversified industrial base . Historically, however, Argentina 's economic performance has been very uneven, in which high economic growth alternated with severe recessions, particularly during the late twentieth century, and income maldistribution and poverty increased. Early in the twentieth century it was one of the richest countries in the world and the third largest in the Southern hemisphere . Though now an upper-middle income economy, Argentina maintains a relatively high quality of life and GDP per capita . Argentina is considered an emerging market by the FTSE Global Equity Index, and is one of the G-20 major economies .

Economy of Finland: Finland has a highly industrialised, mixed economy with a per capita output equal to that of other western economies such as France , Germany , Sweden or the United Kingdom . The largest sector of the economy is services at 65.7 percent, followed by manufacturing and refining at 31.4 percent. Primary production is 2.9 percent. With respect to foreign trade , the key economic sector is manufacturing . The largest industries are electronics (21.6 percent), machinery, vehicles and other engineered metal products (21.1 percent), forest industry (13.1 percent), and chemicals (10.9 percent). Finland has timber and several mineral and freshwater resources. Forestry , paper factories, and the agricultural sector (on which taxpayers spend around 2 billion euro annually) are politically sensitive to rural residents. The Greater Helsinki area generates around a third of GDP . In a 2004 OECD comparison, high-technology manufacturing in Finland ranked second ...

Economy of Romania: Romania has a developing, upper-middle income market economy , the 17th largest in the European Union by total nominal GDP and the 13th largest based on purchasing power parity. The collapse of the Communist regime in 1989, reforms in the 2000s (decade) and its 2007 accession to the European Union have led to an improved economic outlook. Romania has experienced growth in foreign investment with a cumulative FDI totaling more than $170 billion since 1989. Up until the late 2000s financial crisis , the Romanian economy has been referred to as a " Tiger " due to its high growth rates and rapid development. Until 2009, Romanian economic growth was among the fastest in Europe (officially 8.4% in 2008 and more than three times the EU average). The country is a regional leader in multiple fields, such as IT and motor vehicle production ,. Bucharest , the capital city, is one of the largest financial and industrial centres in Eastern Europe.

Economy of Australia: The economy of Australia is one of the largest capitalist economies in the world with a GDP of US$1.5 trillion as of 2013. Australia's total wealth is 6.4 trillion dollars. In 2012, it was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 17th-largest measured by PPP-adjusted GDP, about 1.7% of the world economy . Australia is the 19th-largest importer and 19th-largest exporter. The Reserve Bank of Australia publishes forecasts of the economy quarterly. The Australian economy is dominated by its service sector , comprising 68% of GDP. The mining sector represents 10% of GDP; the "mining-related economy" represents 9% of GDP – the total mining sector is 19% of GDP.   Economic growth is largely dependent on the mining sector and agricultural sector with the products to be exported mainly to the East Asian market. The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the largest stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific and ...

Economy of Brazil: Brazil has the seventh largest economy by nominal GDP in the world, and seventh largest by purchasing power parity . The Brazilian economy is characterized by moderately free markets and an inward-oriented economy. Brazil has a market economy, where prices of products are based on demand. Brazil’s economy is the largest of the Latin American nations and the second largest in the western hemisphere. Brazil is one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world with an average annual GDP growth rate of over 5 percent. In future decades, Brazil is expected to become one of the five largest economies in the world. According to the World Economic Forum , Brazil was the top country in upward evolution of competitiveness in 2009, gaining eight positions among other countries, overcoming Russia for the first time, and partially closing the competitiveness gap with India and China among the BRIC economies. Important steps taken since the 1990s towa...

Economy of India: The economy of India is the tenth-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country is one of the G-20 major economies and a member of BRICS . On a per-capita-income basis, India ranked 141st by nominal GDP and 130th by GDP (PPP) in 2012, according to the IMF . India is the 19th-largest exporter and the 10th-largest importer in the world. The economy slowed to around 5.0% for the 2012–13 fiscal year compared with 6.2% in the previous fiscal. According to Moody's , the Economic Growth Rate of India would be 5.5% in 2014-15. On 28 August 2013 the Indian rupee hit an all time low of 68.80 against the US dollar. In order to control the fall in rupee, the government introduced capital controls on outward investment by both corporates and individuals. India's GDP grew by 9.3% in 2010–11; thus, the growth rate has nearly halved in just three years. GDP growth rose marginally to 4.8% during th...

Economy of Japan: The economy of Japan is the third largest in the world by nominal GDP , the fourth largest by purchasing power parity and is the world's second largest developed economy . According to the International Monetary Fund , the country's per capita GDP (PPP) was at $35,855 or the 22nd highest in 2012. Japan is a member of Group of Eight . The Japanese economy is forecasted by the Quarterly Tankan survey of business sentiment conducted by the Bank of Japan . Japan is the world's third largest automobile manufacturing country , has the largest electronics goods industry , and is often ranked among the world's most innovative countries leading several measures of global patent filings . Facing increasing competition from China and South Korea, manufacturing in Japan today now focuses primarily on high-tech and precision goods, such as optical instruments , Hybrid vehicles , and robotics . Beside the Kantō region ,the Kansai region is one the lea...

Economy of Turkey: The economy of Turkey is defined as an emerging market economy by the IMF and the country is one of the developed countries according to CIA, making Turkey also one of the world's newly industrialized countries . The country is among the world's leading producers of agricultural products; textiles; motor vehicles, ships and other transportation equipment; construction materials; consumer electronics and home appliances. In recent years, Turkey had a rapidly growing private sector , yet the state still plays a major role in industry , banking , transport , and communications .

Economy of China: The socialist market economy of China is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP and by purchasing power parity after the United States . It is the world's fastest-growing major economy , with growth rates averaging 10% over the past 30 years. China is also the largest exporter and second largest importer of goods in the world. China is the largest manufacturing economy in the world, outpacing its world rival in this category, the service-driven economy of the United States of America. ASEAN–China Free Trade Area came into effect on 1 January 2010. China-Switzerland FTA is China's first FTA with a major European economy, while China–Pakistan Free Trade Agreement came in effect in 2007 is the first FTA signed with a South Asian state. The economy of China is the fastest growing consumer market in the world. On a per capita income basis, China ranked 87th by nominal GDP and 92nd by GDP (PPP) in 2012, according to the Internation...

Economy of Morocco: Morocco 's economy is considered a relatively liberal economy governed by the law of supply and demand . Since 1993, the country has followed a policy of privatization of certain economic sectors which used to be in the hands of the government . Morocco has become a major player in the African economic affairs, and is the 5th African economy by GDP (PPP). The World Economic Forum placed Morocco as the 2nd most competitive economy in North Africa behind Tunisia, in its African Competitiveness Report 2009. Additionally, Morocco was ranked the 1st African country by the Economist Intelligence Unit ' quality-of-life index , ahead of South Africa . Tough government reforms and steady yearly growth in the region of 4–5% from 2000 to 2007, including 4.9% year-on-year growth in 2003–2007 the Moroccan economy is much more robust than just a few years ago. Economic growth is far more diversified, with new service and industrial poles, like Casablanca and...

Economy of Spain: Spain has the thirteenth largest economy by nominal GDP in the world, and fourteenth largest by purchasing power parity . The Spanish economy is the fifth-largest in the European Union , and the fourth-largest in the Eurozone , based on nominal GDP statistics. In 2012, Spain was the eighteenth-largest exporter in the world and the sixteenth-largest importer. Spain is regarded as the world's 23rd most developed country and is listed among the countries of very high human development. However, since the GFC , the Spanish economy's recent macroeconomic performance has been poor. Between 2008 and 2012, the economic boom of the 2000s was reversed, leaving over a quarter of Spain's workforce unemployed by 2012. [16] [17] In 2012, the Spanish economy contracted by 1.4% and was in recession until Q3 of 2013. Despite the poor recent performance of the Spanish economy generally, Spain's international trade situation has improved. During the boom ...

Economy of the Netherlands: At the time of writing the Netherlands is the 17th largest economy of the world. (see: List of countries by GDP (nominal) ) GDP per capita is roughly $42,000 which puts it in the top 10 of richest nations in the world (see: List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita ). Between 1996 and 2000 annual economic growth ( GDP ) averaged over 4%, well above the European average. Growth slowed considerably in 2001-05 as part of the global economic slowdown. 2006 and 2007 however showed economic growth of 3.4% and 3.9%. The Dutch economy was hit considerably by the ongoing global financial crisis and the ensuing European debt crisis . Several banks went bankrupt, and a number of others had to receive governmental aid. In 2009 the economy declined with 3.5%, followed by two years of mild growth. The Dutch economy is currently in a recession again, with an economic decline of 0.5% in 2012. Inflation is at 2.9% in June 2013. Unemployment has been relatively ...

Economy of Germany: Italy has a diversified industrial economy with high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and developed infrastructure. According to the International Monetary Fund , the World Bank and The World Factbook , in 2014 Italy is the eigth-largest economy in the world, the fourth-largest in Europe and the third-largest in the Eurozone in terms of nominal GDP, [ 12 ] and the eleven-largest economy in the world and fifth-largest in Europe in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP. [ 13 ] Italy is a member of the G7 and the Group of Eight (G8) industrialized nations, the European Union and the OECD . It is predicted that Italian GDP will grow 0.6% in 2014 , 1.15% in 2015 and 1.25% in 2016 .  

Economy of Germany: Germany is the largest national economy in Europe , the fourth-largest by nominal GDP in the world, and fifth by GDP (PPP) . Since the age of industrialisation and beyond, the country has been a driver, innovator, and beneficiary of an ever more globalised economy. Germany's economic policy is based on the concept of the social market economy . The country is a founding member of the European Union and the Eurozone . [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Germany is the third largest exporter in the world with $1.516 trillion exported in 2012. [ 18 ] [ dated info ] Exports account for more than one-third of national output. [ 19 ] [ dated info ] [ 20 ] In 2013, Germany recorded the highest trade surplus in the world worth $270 billion, [ 21 ] making it the biggest capital exporter globally. [ 22 ] Among the top 10 biggest economies in the world, Germany is the only country with a stable Triple-A (AAA) credit rating . Germany is the largest producer of lignite in the...

Economy of France: France has the world's fifth largest economy by nominal figures and the ninth largest economy by PPP figures. [ 8 ] It has the second largest economy in Europe (behind its main economic partner Germany ) in nominal figures, based on the dynamic industrial structure of the French economy. [ 9 ] OECD is headquartered in Paris, France. France's economy entered the recession of the late 2000s later and left it earlier than most comparable economies, only enduring four-quarters of contraction. [ 10 ] Between January and March 2011, France's GDP growth had been stronger than expected at 0.9%, one of the best figures in Europe but shrunk between April and June 2011 decreasing by −0.1%. In 2011, the GDP surprisingly grew at 1.85%, below Germany at 2.9% but more than the UK that grew by 0.6%. France has long been part of the world's wealthiest and most developed national economies. As of 2010, France is the world's 5th [ 11 ] and E...

Economy of Sweden : The economy of Sweden is a developed export-oriented diverse economy aided by timber, hydropower , and iron ore. These constitute the resource base of an economy oriented toward foreign trade. The main industries include motor vehicles , telecommunications , pharmaceuticals , industrial machines, precision equipment, chemical goods, home goods and appliances , forestry , iron, and steel. Traditionally a modernised agricultural economy that used to employ over half of the domestic workforce, today Sweden further develops engineering, mine, steel, and pulp industries that are competitive internationally, such as the companies LM Ericsson, ASEA/ABB, SKF, Alfa Laval, Aga, and Dyno Nobel. [ 13 ] Sweden is a highly competitive capitalist economy featuring a generous universal welfare state financed through relatively high income taxes [ 14 ] that ensures that income is distributed across the entire society, a model sometimes called the Nordic model . Approxim...

Economy of Egypt : The economy of Egypt was highly centralized under President Gamal Abdel Nasser . In the 1990s, a series of International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance. Since 2000, the pace of structural reforms, including fiscal, monetary policies, privatization and new business legislations, helped Egypt move towards a more market-oriented economy and prompted increased foreign investment. The reforms and policies have strengthened macroeconomic annual growth results which averaged 5% annually but the government largely failed to equitably share the wealth and the benefits of growth have failed to trickle down to improve economic conditions for the broader population, especially with the growing problem of unemployment and underemployment among youth under the age of 30 years. A youth protest demanding more p...

Economy of Russia : The economy of Russia is the eighth largest economy in the world by nominal value and the sixth/ fifth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). [ 1 ] The Russian economy is currently labeled as a high income economy by the World Bank. [ 17 ] The country has an abundance of natural resources, including timber, precious metals, and particularly fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal) that can be developed without the constraint of OPEC production quotas and other rules (Russia is not an OPEC member). [ 18 ] In recent years, Russia's oil and gas production and pipeline projects have been not only a primary source of Russia's economic growth but also a geostrategic lever in the country's relationship with Europe and Asia. [ 19 ] Since the collapse of the Soviet Union , Russia has undergone significant changes, moving from a centrally planned economy to a more market-based and globally integrated economy . Economic reforms of the s...

  Economy of England: The Economy of England is the largest economy of the four countries of the United Kingdom . England is a highly industrialised country. It is an important producer of textiles and chemical products . Although automobiles, locomotives , and aircraft are among England's other important industrial products, a significant proportion of the country's income comes from the City of London . Since the 1990s, the financial services sector has played an increasingly significant role in the English economy and the City of London is one of the world's largest financial centres. Banks, insurance companies, commodity and futures exchanges are heavily concentrated in the City. The British pound sterling is the official currency of England and the central bank of the United Kingdom, the Bank of England , is located in London. The service sector of the economy as a whole is now the largest in England, with manufacturing and primary industries in decline. T...

  Economy of the United States: The economy of the United States is the world's largest single national economy. The United States' nominal GDP was estimated to be $16.8 trillion as of 2013, [ 1 ] approximately a quarter of nominal global GDP . [ 2 ] Its GDP at purchasing power parity is also the largest of any single country in the world, approximately a fifth of the global total . [ 2 ] The United States has a mixed economy [ 22 ] [ 23 ] and has maintained a stable overall GDP growth rate, a moderate unemployment rate, and high levels of research and capital investment . Its five largest trading partners are Canada , China , Mexico , Japan , and Germany . The US has abundant natural resources , a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity. [ 24 ] It has the world's seventh-highest per capita GDP (PPP) . [ 2 ] The U.S. is the world's third-largest producer of oil and largest producer of natural gas . It is the second-largest trading nation in t...